This is a quick gallery of some of the dice images I've made over the last few years. These were all modeled in Blender, and rendered in Cycles.
The first I did just to experiment with the glass shader and volumetrics - kind of fun, I didn't really have the lighting down yet though:
Next I played around with a few different volumetric effects - both with and without particles:
I tried doing some stuff on the surface, but without modeling different pieces it really didn't work well:
And then I tried putting objects *in* the dice - these turned out really well I think: (note: I did not model this skull - it's a CC0 model I found somewhere)
And more recently I've experimented a bit with emulating different materials - this silicone-ish one is the best of the lot: